Privacy, i rischi dello “sharenting”: perché non devi postare foto dei figli sui social [articolo per Agenda Digitale]

[questo articolo è stato pubblicato su Agenda Digitale il primo febbraio 2021]

Lo “sharenting” cioè il trend che vede i genitori postare foto dei figli sui social network ha ripercussioni sulla privacy di bambini e adolescenti, ma non solo: si presentano anche situazioni in cui si mette a rischio la sicurezza.

l desiderio di far conoscere tutto dei figli porta i genitori a postare qualsiasi tipo di informazione sui social media. Lo “sharenting” è un fenomeno che va monitorato e analizzato con attenzione, soprattutto quando va a colpire gli adolescenti. I bambini piccoli, infatti, non hanno alcuna coscienza della propria identità digitale. Gli adolescenti, invece, hanno la certezza che la loro vita potrebbe trovarsi vivisezionata sul web per colpa di genitori “schiavi dello sharenting”. E questo è un grosso problema: usare i social media in modo disfunzionale può mettere a rischio la sicurezza dei dati personali e il rispetto della privacy dei propri figli.

Cosa spinge i genitori a condividere le foto dei figli sui social

Un po’ per orgoglio personale, un po’ per puro divertimento molti genitori tendono a condividere sui social media in modo compulsivo ogni passo compiuto dai propri figli. Che poi siano immagini private ormai non conta più: il concetto stesso di privacy online è stato stravolto pesantemente con l’avvento dei vari social network. Una tendenza che col passare degli anni si è trasformata in un’abitudine consolidata, quella di esporre in pubblico le proprie emozioni, i ricordi più intimi in cambio di visualizzazioni e apprezzamenti di vario tipo. Un narcisismo 2.0 che non si accontenta di mettere in vetrina solo adulti ma anche i più piccoli per suscitare sentimenti quali tenerezza, simpatia ed empatia.

Una vetrinizzazione sociale come sostiene il noto sociologo Vanni Codeluppi nel libro “La vetrinizzazione sociale. Il processo di spettacolarizzazione degli individui e della società”, una spettacolarizzazione che va sovraesporre in modo pericoloso la generazione del nuovo millennio, quella dei nativi digitali. Nella società moderna i bambini sono caricati di grandi aspettative già prima della nascita, con genitori che sembrano avere scolpito nella mente il destino dei propri figli. Questo atteggiamento sembra essere la diretta conseguenza del calo della natalità che ha colpito i paesi più industrializzati dalla fine degli Anni ‘70, una crisi che sembra inarrestabile e su cui incidono molteplici fattori. Il nostro Paese è in piena crisi demografica e il problema è destinato ad aggravarsi nei prossimi anni, con l’ennesimo crollo delle nascite: secondo i dati Istat nel 2018 sono stati iscritti all’anagrafe appena 439.747 bambini, circa la metà di quelli nati nel 1974.

I pericoli dello sharenting sono in agguato. Molto spesso le immagini condivise in rete dai genitori finisco in siti pedopornografici o vengono utilizzate in messaggi sessuali inviati attraverso la rete. Senza dimenticare che il continuo “sharare” informazioni e contenuti può agevolare criminali e malintenzionati che possono ricavare preziose informazioni sulle abitudini dei nostri figli.

Paure adolescenziali

È inutile nasconderlo: quello che succede online ha un certo impatto nella vita di tutti i giorni e nei rapporti con gli altri. Lo sharenting crea un archivio digitale pubblico e le immagini contenute non sempre rappresentano il modo in cui un bambino si possa identificare una volta divenuto adolescente. Quindi, pur comprendendo le ragioni del comportamento dei propri genitori, gli adolescenti si dimostrano preoccupati per questo modo di fare che di razionale ha ben poco.

Lo dimostra una recente ricerca condotta dall’Università di Antwerp in Belgio attraverso alcuni gruppi di adolescenti tra i 12 ed i 14 anni. C’è molta paura e ansia nello scoprire che cos’hanno condiviso i propri genitori sui social media. Gli adolescenti vorrebbero controllare i genitori ogni volta che postano foto o commenti che li riguardano, perché a differenza dei loro padri e madri hanno compreso che lo sharenting è qualcosa di pericoloso per la loro web reputation.

Nei ragazzi cresce la paura di essere giudicati negativamente dai coetanei, di essere vittime di episodi di cyberbullismo e persino di avere problemi nel futuro quando si troveranno a fare dei colloqui di lavoro. A tal proposito, la Commissione Europea sta studiando una normativa che permetta ai bambini, diventati adulti, il diritto di chiedere la rimozione di contenuti immessi nel web prima dei 18 anni. In Francia, invece, i genitori possono essere denunciati dai figli, una volta diventati adulti, per aver pubblicato immagini e filmati in rete senza il loro permesso. La legislazione francese in tema di privacy è piuttosto restrittiva e prevede un obbligo di responsabilità per entrambi i genitori oltre a pene molto severe: si parla di 35.000 euro di multa e di una detenzione in carcere fino a un anno.

Perché lo shareting è inutile e dannoso

I ricercatori dell’Università di Antwerp si sono poi concentrati nella comprensione del fenomeno sharenting per gli adolescenti. Per la maggior parte dei ragazzi e delle ragazze intervistati si tratta di qualcosa di inutile e imbarazzante. Le reazioni, comunque, non sono state tutte negative: gli adolescenti che hanno speso parole di apprezzamento per questa pratica sono quelli che pubblicano in modo compulsivo foto private e commentano qualsiasi cosa, il tutto alla faccia della tanto decantata privacy.

É fondamentale sensibilizzare ed educare i genitori sui pericoli che si corrono con lo sharenting: le mamme e i papà 2.0 devono essere adeguatamente informati sui rischi connessi e consapevoli delle politiche adottate dai social media utilizzati in tema di privacy. Inoltre, è importante instaurare un dialogo costruttivo con i propri figli adolescenti, rispettando le loro opinioni sui contenuti e su come condividerli.

Nel frattempo, è cresciuto il numero dei bambini e degli adolescenti che hanno deciso di ribellarsi ai genitori. Alla fine, è solo una questione di buon senso. Dobbiamo sempre ricordare che i nostri figli non possono di dire no a un post, un video o un tag che facciamo: quindi, prima di farci risucchiare nel vortice dello sharenting, pensiamoci due volte quando pubblichiamo qualcosa. Nel frattempo, cresce il numero dei bambini e degli adolescenti che hanno deciso di affrontare i genitori.

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